CMS Orders States to Enforce Medicaid Work Rules in Sweeping Reform Push

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services

WASHINGTON, D.C. — Federal health officials recently unveiled new guidance directing states to implement landmark Medicaid community engagement requirements, marking one of the most consequential overhauls of eligibility and financing rules in more than a decade.

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services said the changes, enacted under the Working Families Tax Cut legislation, are designed to connect able-bodied, working-age adults with work and community engagement opportunities, curb improper enrollment, and strengthen the long-term sustainability of Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Program. States are required to implement the new requirements by January 1, 2027, though they may move sooner if they choose.

Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. said the guidance gives states a clear framework to use what he described as “breakthrough” tools that emphasize work, dignity, and self-sufficiency while protecting safety-net programs for the most vulnerable.

“I am very pleased that CMS is providing clear direction to states using breakthrough Medicaid community engagement tools that restore the dignity of work and lift people out of poverty, while supporting the sustainability of Medicaid for the most vulnerable,” Kennedy said. “Federal programs that foster community engagement help American citizens live healthy and fulfilling lives.”

CMS Administrator Dr. Mehmet Oz said the reforms are intended to reverse what officials describe as years of policies that discouraged participation in work and community life among people who are able to do so.

“For far too long, too many Americans who are able to work have been left isolated and discouraged by programs that don’t encourage their potential,” Oz said. “These reforms send a clear message: you have agency, your contributions matter, and we will support you on the path to purpose and prosperity.”

Under the new framework, Medicaid community engagement requirements will more closely align the program with other federal benefits, such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, which have long incorporated work-related policies. CMS said the goal is to promote consistency across programs while reducing administrative complexity and costs.

The guidance outlines four core principles states must follow as they develop and implement their policies. States are instructed to prioritize connecting beneficiaries to work and community engagement, balance flexibility with operational costs, align Medicaid requirements with other federal programs where possible, and ensure that eligibility determinations and verification processes are easily auditable to protect taxpayers.

CMS said an informational bulletin released on November 18 already provided states with direction on other major elements of the Working Families Tax Cut law, including provisions aimed at ensuring lawful enrollment, closing financing loopholes, and protecting rural hospitals. Together, the reforms are framed by the administration as a long-term strategy to safeguard Medicaid and CHIP for those most in need.

The agency said additional guidance and formal rulemaking are forthcoming to address specific implementation details as states prepare to comply with the law. Officials described the effort as a reset of the state-federal partnership, with a focus on improving health outcomes while reinforcing accountability and sustainability across the nation’s largest public health insurance programs.

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